Butterflyfish, members of the family Chaetodontidae, are the quintessential poster fish of the tropical reef, known for their ultra-thin, disc-shaped bodies and intricate, incredible patterns. Reaching between 4 and 9 inches in length, they are master navigators of the coral reef, using their laterally compressed bodies to slip through tight gaps and their pointed snouts to pluck food from deep crevices. Many species feature a “false eye” spot near their tail. It’s a clever evolutionary trick designed to confuse predators into attacking their rear instead of their head. While their graceful, flitting swimming style is a sight to behold, they are widely considered advanced-level fish because they are often highly specialized feeders and sensitive to fluctuating water parameters.
In the home aquarium, butterflyfish require a significant commitment, specifically a minimum of 75 to 125 gallons to accommodate their active nature. Their diet is the most critical factor for success; while some are hardy generalists, many are obligate corallivores (eating only coral polyps) or specialized invertebrate hunters. This leads to the ultimate debate of whether they are “reef safe.” Most species will eventually nip at or decimate coral colonies, particularly fleshy LPS corals or feather dusters. To keep them healthy, they need 3–5 small, high-quality feedings per day and a very stable environment. Because they are often shy when first introduced. Butterflyfish should be housed with peaceful tank mates to ensure they aren’t bullied away from their food.
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